What is hyperglycemia and how to avoid

Hyperglycemia is a condition characterized by elevated levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Typically, fasting blood sugar and postprandial (after-meal) blood sugar levels are measured to diagnose hyperglycemia. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides reference values for these measurements, with fasting blood glucose levels ideally ranging from 3.9 to 6.1 mmol/L and postprandial blood glucose levels ideally below 7.8 mmol/L.

When fasting blood sugar levels exceed 6.1 mmol/L or postprandial blood sugar levels surpass 7.8 mmol/L, it indicates high blood sugar. High fasting blood sugar may suggest impaired glucose tolerance but does not directly equate to diabetes. Further testing may be recommended by a doctor to confirm the condition.

High blood sugar after meals can be indicative of postprandial hyperglycemia, which, if persistent, may contribute to the development of diabetes over time.

While hyperglycemia serves as a precursor to diabetes, not everyone with high blood sugar will develop diabetes. However, if hyperglycemia is left untreated, it can lead to organ damage, particularly affecting the eyes, kidneys, and nervous system. Prolonged hyperglycemia can also impair insulin secretion and exacerbate the progression of diabetes.

To manage high blood sugar and prevent the onset of diabetes, lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, regular exercise, and medication adherence are crucial. Additionally, maintaining regular medical check-ups and collaborating closely with healthcare professionals are essential for effective management and prevention strategies.

In summary, while high blood sugar is a warning sign for diabetes, proactive management through lifestyle adjustments and medical guidance can help mitigate the risk and promote a healthy future.