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Exercise Boosts Fat and Protein Metabolism in Diabetic Patients In the body, glucose, fat, and protein serve as major energy sources, and they can be converted or interchanged as needed. However, in diabetes, where insulin function is impaired and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle cells is compromised, disorders in lipid and protein metabolism accompany glucose metabolism issues. Lipid metabolism disorders in insulin resistance often stem from various metabolic dysfunctions. When triglyceride metabolism defects occur in adipose tissue, it leads to an accumulation of free fatty acids in the liver, triggering the overproduction of large, very low-density lipoprotein particles and causing high blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia. Insulin plays a crucial role in stimulating cell protein synthesis and inhibiting protein breakdown. In diabetes, insufficient insulin or reduced effectiveness results in weakened protein synthesis, increased protein breakdown, and a negative nitrogen...