Exercise Safety in Diabetes Management

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Exercise Safety in Diabetes Management

While exercise plays a crucial role in preventing and managing diabetes, it's essential for professionals to supervise and guide diabetic patients due to their unique physiological conditions. Improper exercise can lead to various adverse reactions, including skeletal muscle damage, fractures, joint issues, skin damage, hypoglycemia, proteinuria, fundus bleeding, and myocardial ischemia.

Hypoglycemia is a common risk during exercise for diabetic individuals due to their impaired blood sugar regulation, increased energy consumption, and the effects of antidiabetic medications.


Moreover, diabetic individuals are more prone to exercise-related injuries due to factors like hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic abnormalities. Studies have highlighted a heightened risk of Achilles tendon damage and rotator cuff tears, along with an increased fracture risk due to osteoporosis. Weak muscles around the ankle and knee joints, coupled with higher muscle atrophy rates, further elevate the risk of sports injuries.

The severity of diabetic conditions and associated complications significantly influences the likelihood of sports injuries. For instance, type 1 diabetics who forego insulin or exercise in ketosis face increased risks of hyperglycemia and ketosis. Exercise can exacerbate kidney damage in those with diabetic nephropathy and trigger fundus hemorrhage in individuals with proliferative retinopathy.

Excessive exercise can also lead to energy imbalance, ketone body production, hypoglycemic episodes, and unintended weight loss in diabetic patients.

In essence, while exercise is crucial for managing diabetes, improper exercise can have adverse effects similar to improper medication use. Therefore, diabetic individuals should approach exercise therapy cautiously under the guidance and supervision of healthcare professionals.

References

1.Chinese Guidelines of Exercise Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus

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