Exercise Reduces Risk Factors for Diabetic

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 Exercise Reduces Risk Factors for Diabetic


Exercise plays a pivotal role in mitigating the risk factors associated with diabetes. Predisposing factors for diabetes vary depending on the type, with Type 1 diabetes primarily influenced by genetic susceptibility, autoimmunity, viral infections, milk feeding, and environmental factors such as drugs and chemicals. Conversely, Type 2 diabetes is chiefly impacted by genetic predisposition, reduced physical activity, increased energy intake, obesity, fetal and neonatal malnutrition, aging, smoking, drugs, and oxidative stress. While factors like genetic susceptibility and age remain unmodifiable, lifestyle elements such as reduced physical activity, obesity, and smoking can be addressed through intervention.

Among these modifiable factors, exercise emerges as a key intervention. Sedentary behavior is a detrimental lifestyle habit, yet it can be counteracted by fostering an active lifestyle, with exercise serving as an effective tool to cultivate positive habits. Research indicates that regular exercise significantly elevates beta-endorphin levels, fostering a sense of pleasure in physical activity and thereby bolstering enthusiasm for exercise.


Obesity, a chronic metabolic condition stemming from a blend of genetic and environmental factors, is linked to various other health issues. A combination of exercise and dietary interventions proves effective in managing obesity. Studies highlight that while exercise alone yields limited weight loss due to compensatory energy intake, pairing exercise with dietary restriction enhances weight loss significantly. For instance, Miller et al. discovered that in 493 studies, combining diet restriction with exercise resulted in an average weight loss of 10.7±0.4 kg, compared to 2.9±0.4 kg with exercise alone. When both interventions were employed concurrently, the average weight loss increased to 11.0 ± 0.6 kg.

Oxidative stress, closely intertwined with diabetes onset, can impair pancreatic beta cells and diminish peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity. Regular exercise enhances the body's resilience against oxidative stress, thereby mitigating its detrimental effects and aiding in diabetes prevention.

References

1.Chinese Guidelines of Exercise Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus

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